Domestic and International Dynamics in the Indonesia-EU CEPA Negotiations: A Two-Level Game Perspective

Abstract

This study examines selected dimensions of the negotiation management process between Indonesia and the European Union in the Indonesia–European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IEU-CEPA). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study draws on official documents, institutional reports, academic literature, and secondary data from international organizations. The findings indicate that the progress and conclusion of the IEU-CEPA negotiations were influenced not only by economic considerations but also by domestic institutional coordination, sectoral interests, and the European Union’s sustainability-related demands. The analysis further shows that Indonesia responded to external normative pressures through a process of norm adaptation while maintaining its national interests. This study highlights the importance of effective negotiation management, stronger inter-agency coordination, and adaptive diplomatic strategies in international trade negotiations.

JEL: F53, F55, F02