EXPERT’S INSIGHTS Landmark Plenum Upholds China’s Modernisation

Abstract

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), held in Beijing from October 20–23, 2025, reviewed the achievements of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) and set forth the Recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030). The Plenum reaffirmed policy continuity grounded in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, emphasising high-quality development, technological self-reliance, and national rejuvenation. It outlined priorities for industrial modernisation, scientific innovation, and infrastructure expansion, alongside rural revitalisation and coordinated regional development. The Communique and Recommendations also stressed environmental sustainability, domestic demand stimulation, and social equity, including healthcare, education, and demographic measures. Anti-corruption initiatives and Party self-reform were highlighted as essential to maintaining governance stability and advancing the modernisation agenda. The Plenum further reinforced openness and global engagement, while addressing strategic challenges in international relations and national security. Overall, the session signals a comprehensive strategy for China’s socialist modernisation, combining economic growth, technological advancement, social development, and international cooperation over the next decade.